REDduction at CAThode
half | reaction (reduction) | E°red (V) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| F2(g) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2F–(aq) | +2.87 |
| O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | O2(g) + H2O(l) | +2.07 |
| S2O82–(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2SO42–(aq) | +2.05 |
| H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2H2O(l) | +1.78 |
| PbO2(s) + 3H+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) | +1.69 |
| Au+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Au(s) | +1.69 |
| Pb4+(aq) +2e– | ⇌ | Pb2+(aq) | +1.67 |
| 2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) | +1.63 |
| Ce4+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Ce3+(aq) | +1.61 |
| MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– | ⇌ | Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) | +1.51 |
| Au3+(aq) + 3e– | ⇌ | Au(s) | +1.40 |
| Cl2(g) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2Cl–(aq) | +1.36 |
| Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e– | ⇌ | 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) | +1.33 |
| O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– | ⇌ | 2H2O(l) | +1.23 |
| MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) | +1.21 |
| Pt2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Pt(s) | +1.20 |
| Br2(l) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2Br–(aq) | +1.09 |
| Pd2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Pd(s) | +0.92 |
| 2Hg2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Hg22+(aq) | +0.92 |
| ClO–(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e– | ⇌ | Cl–(aq) + 2OH–(aq) | +0.89 |
| Ag+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Ag(s) | +0.80 |
| Hg22+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2Hg(l) | +0.79 |
| Fe3+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Fe2+(aq) | +0.77 |
| MnO4–(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e– | ⇌ | MnO2(s) + 4OH–(aq) | +0.60 |
| I2(s) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2I–(aq) | +0.54 |
| O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e– | ⇌ | 4OH–(aq) | +0.40 |
| Cu2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Cu(s) | +0.34 |
| Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e– | ⇌ | 2Hg(l) + 2Cl–(aq) | +0.27 |
| AgCl(s) + e– | ⇌ | Ag(s) + Cl–(aq) | +0.22 |
| Bi3+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Bi(s) | +0.20 |
| NO3–(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e– | ⇌ | NO2–(aq) + 2OH–(aq) | +0.01 |
| 2H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | H2(g) | +0.00 |
| Fe3+(aq) + 3e– | ⇌ | Fe(s) | -0.04 |
| Pb2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Pb(s) | -0.13 |
| Sn2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Sn(s) | -0.14 |
| Ni2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Ni(s) | -0.23 |
| V3+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | V2+(aq) | -0.26 |
| Co2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Co(s) | -0.28 |
| In3+(aq) + 3e– | ⇌ | In(s) | -0.34 |
| PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Pb(s) + HSO4–(aq) | -0.36 |
| Cd2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Cd(s) | -0.40 |
| Cr3+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Cr2+(aq) | -0.41 |
| Fe2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Fe(s) | -0.44 |
| U4+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | U3+(aq) | -0.61 |
| FeCO3(s) + 2e– | ⇌ | Fe(s) + CO32-(aq) | -0.76 |
| Zn2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Zn(s) | -0.76 |
| 2H2O(l) + 2e– | ⇌ | H2(s) + 2OH–(aq) | -0.83 |
| Cr2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Cr(s) | -0.91 |
| Mn2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Mn(s) | -1.18 |
| V2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | V(s) | -1.19 |
| ZnS(s) + 2e– | ⇌ | Zn(s) + S2–(aq) | -1.44 |
| Al3+(aq) + 3e– | ⇌ | Al(s) | -1.66 |
| Mg2+(aq) + 2e– | ⇌ | Mg(s) | -2.36 |
| Na+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Na(s) | -2.71 |
| K+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | K(s) | -2.92 |
| Li+(aq) + e– | ⇌ | Li(s) | -3.05 |
This is the standard table in books (and exams).
OXidation at ANhode
half | reaction (oxidation) | E°ox (V) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2F–(aq) | ⇌ | F2(g) + 2e– | -2.87 |
| O2(g) + H2O(l) | ⇌ | O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | -2.07 |
| 2SO42–(aq) | ⇌ | S2O82–(aq) + 2e– | -2.05 |
| 2H2O(l) | ⇌ | H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | -1.78 |
| PbSO4(s) + 2H2O(l) | ⇌ | PbO2(s) + 3H+(aq) + HSO4–(aq) + 2e– | -1.69 |
| Au(s) | ⇌ | Au+(aq) + e– | -1.69 |
| Pb2+(aq) | ⇌ | Pb4+(aq) +2e– | -1.67 |
| Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) | ⇌ | 2HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e– | -1.63 |
| Ce3+(aq) | ⇌ | Ce4+(aq) + e– | -1.61 |
| Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) | ⇌ | MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– | -1.51 |
| Au(s) | ⇌ | Au3+(aq) + 3e– | -1.40 |
| 2Cl–(aq) | ⇌ | Cl2(g) + 2e– | -1.36 |
| 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) | ⇌ | Cr2O72–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e– | -1.33 |
| 2H2O(l) | ⇌ | O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e– | -1.23 |
| Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) | ⇌ | MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e– | -1.21 |
| Pt(s) | ⇌ | Pt2+(aq) + 2e– | -1.20 |
| 2Br–(aq) | ⇌ | Br2(l) + 2e– | -1.09 |
| Pd(s) | ⇌ | Pd2+(aq) + 2e– | -0.92 |
| Hg22+(aq) | ⇌ | 2Hg2+(aq) + 2e– | -0.92 |
| Cl–(aq) + 2OH–(aq) | ⇌ | ClO–(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e– | -0.89 |
| Ag(s) | ⇌ | Ag+(aq) + e– | -0.80 |
| 2Hg(l) | ⇌ | Hg22+(aq) + 2e– | -0.79 |
| Fe2+(aq) | ⇌ | Fe3+(aq) + e– | -0.77 |
| MnO2(s) + 4OH–(aq) | ⇌ | MnO4–(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e– | -0.60 |
| 2I–(aq) | ⇌ | I2(s) + 2e– | -0.54 |
| 4OH–(aq) | ⇌ | O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e– | -0.40 |
| Cu(s) | ⇌ | Cu2+(aq) + 2e– | -0.34 |
| 2Hg(l) + 2Cl–(aq) | ⇌ | Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e– | -0.27 |
| Ag(s) + Cl–(aq) | ⇌ | AgCl(s) + e– | -0.22 |
| Bi(s) | ⇌ | Bi3+(aq) + e– | -0.20 |
| NO2–(aq) + 2OH–(aq) | ⇌ | NO3–(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e– | -0.01 |
| H2(g) | ⇌ | 2H+(aq) + 2e– | +0.00 |
| Fe(s) | ⇌ | Fe3+(aq) + 3e– | +0.04 |
| Pb(s) | ⇌ | Pb2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.13 |
| Sn(s) | ⇌ | Sn2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.14 |
| Ni(s) | ⇌ | Ni2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.23 |
| V2+(aq) | ⇌ | V3+(aq) + e– | +0.26 |
| Co(s) | ⇌ | Co2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.28 |
| In(s) | ⇌ | In3+(aq) + 3e– | +0.34 |
| Pb(s) + HSO4–(aq) | ⇌ | PbSO4(s) + H+(aq) + 2e– | +0.36 |
| Cd(s) | ⇌ | Cd2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.40 |
| Cr2+(aq) | ⇌ | Cr3+(aq) + e– | +0.41 |
| Fe(s) | ⇌ | Fe2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.44 |
| U3+(aq) | ⇌ | U4+(aq) + e– | +0.61 |
| Fe(s) + CO32-(aq) | ⇌ | FeCO3(s) + 2e– | +0.76 |
| Zn(s) | ⇌ | Zn2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.76 |
| H2(s) + 2OH–(aq) | ⇌ | 2H2O(l) + 2e– | +0.83 |
| Cr(s) | ⇌ | Cr2+(aq) + 2e– | +0.91 |
| Mn(s) | ⇌ | Mn2+(aq) + 2e– | +1.18 |
| V(s) | ⇌ | V2+(aq) + 2e– | +1.19 |
| Zn(s) + S2–(aq) | ⇌ | ZnS(s) + 2e– | +1.44 |
| Al(s) | ⇌ | Al3+(aq) + 3e– | +1.66 |
| Mg(s) | ⇌ | Mg2+(aq) + 2e– | +2.36 |
| Na(s) | ⇌ | Na+(aq) + e– | +2.71 |
| K(s) | ⇌ | K+(aq) + e– | +2.92 |
| Li(s) | ⇌ | Li+(aq) + e– | +3.05 |
Notice: We NEVER give you this table. You have to "get it" from the other table.