🔑 Here are all the KEYS to Exam 1

ChemBook Chapter:
Chapter 6: Water, Water, Everywhere

Learning Outcomes

Students will know...

1. how to count stuff
2. how to mathematically convert from one type of unit to another utilizing a set of conversion factors
3. the names, formulas, and physical state of the first 10 alkanes - not this time
4. the MAIN Metric Prefixes for Chemistry Class as listed in section 10.2 of chembook - it's the last table there
5. how to calculate/determine number of moles from mass and vice versa
6. how to fully balance a chemical reaction and identify the coefficients
7. how to balance an acid/base reaction
8. the Arrhenius and Lowry-Bronsted definitions of acids and bases
9. the names and formulas of the 7 strong acids and the 8 strong bases we covered
10. how to identify the conjugate base of an acid and vice versa
11. the definition and how to calculate the pH, pOH, and pK for solutions/substances
12. what percent ionization is and how to apply it and calculate from it - predict pH
13. how to convert a given concentration of a weak base or acid and the resulting pH into a percent ionization
14. how to convert the concentration and percent ionization into a K_a or K_b
15. what the definition of neutral water is
16. how the pH scale works and how we describe the ranges - strongly acidic, distinctly acidic, slightly acidic, fairly neutral, and perfectly neutral - plus the analogous basic ranges as well
17. how to identify conjugate acid/base pairs
18. how to calculate the volume needed to reach the equivalence point of a given titration (neutralization)
19. what the approximate pH is for the the following types of titrations:
    • a strong acid with a strong base (or vice versa - answer same both ways)
    • a weak acid with a strong base
    • a weak base with a strong acid
20. how to use titration data to determine the original concentration of a solution of acid or base
21. what causes acid rain and how it can be prevented
22. the chemistry of dissolving a salt into water
23. the chemistry and results of dissolving CO₂ into water/rain
24. anything else we learned and did in class, on HW, that I forgot here

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Here is a pdf helpsheet on the pH/pOH scale and the formulas for converting between H⁺ and OH^– concentrations. This is pulled from the gchem site.

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Formulas/Equations YOU should know

K_w = [H⁺][OH^-]

pH = -log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = 10^-pH

pOH = -log[OH^-]

[OH^-] = 10^-pOH

%ionized  =   [ionized] × 100%
[original]

weak acids / weak bases

acid reaction:
HA(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + A^-(aq)

K_a  =   [H⁺][A^-]
[HA]

base reaction:
B(aq) (+ H₂O) ⇌ OH^-(aq) + BH⁺(aq)

K_b  =   [OH^-][B⁺]
[B]

conjugate pairs:   K_w = K_aK_b

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Practice Problem Set

Here is a practice problem set for you to work on and get some experience working through these types of problems.

HTML version (screens): Acid Base Extra Practice
PDF version (print): Acid Base Extra Practice (pdf)

Try your best to complete the practice set. Here are the answers to this set. These are answers only, no explanations or solutions.

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