Thermodynamics Equations

ΔU = U_f - U_i

ΔU = q + w

q = m C_s ΔT

q = n C_m ΔT

q = m ΔH_trans

q = n ΔH_trans

w = -P_extΔV

w = -Δn_gasRT

Δn_gas = (#mol gas prod) - (#mol gas react)

H = U + PV

ΔH = ΔU + PΔV

ΔU = ΔH - PΔV

ΔU = ΔH - ΔnRT

ΔH = q_P

ΔU = q_V

q_cal = -q_sys

q_cal = C_calΔT

q_cal = m_water · C_s,water · ΔT + C_hardware · ΔT

ΔH_rxn = ΔH₁ + ΔH₂ + ΔH₃ + ...

ΔH_rxn° = ΣnΔH_f° (products) - ΣnΔH_f° (reactants)

ΔH_rxn° ≈ ΣnΔH_bond°(breaking) - ΣnΔH_bond°(making)

ΔS_univ = ΔS_sys + ΔS_surr

S = k ln Ω

ΔS = q_rev / T

ΔS = n C_p ln(T_f / T_i)

ΔS_trans = ΔH_trans / T_trans

ΔS_rxn° = ΣnS° (products) - ΣnS° (reactants)

G = H - TS

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

ΔG_rxn° = ΣnΔG_f° (products) - ΣnΔG_f° (reactants)

ΔH = T_eqΔS